Whole Foods Market Case Essay - 1917 Words

Case Study: Whole Foods Market 2006: Mission, Core Values and Strategy 1. What are the chief elements of the strategy that Whole Foods Market is pursuing? Founder John Mackey strongly believed in Whole Foods’ mission to be very selective about store inventory, sticking to the company’s core values and ensuring that customers had an enjoyable and interactive shopping experience, while keeping with planned strategies that have set them apart from their competitors. Store Development and Growth Strategy: Prior to 2002, Whole Foods’ strategy for expansion meant the acquisition of smaller, similar chains. The obstacle here was that acquisitions proved to be very limiting in square footage as well as location. Since 2002, Whole†¦show more content†¦In addition, employees are given many options with regards to their work schedules, benefits and company profit sharing. Whole Foods recognizes that employees are who are happy or at least satisfied, will be more engaged in their jobs. 2. Is the strategy well matched to recent developments and conditions in the natural and organic foods segment of the food retailing industry? 2000 marked the official start when conventional supermarkets began selling organic food in efforts to gain a foothold in the industry. Designated the first â€Å"Certified Organic† grocer by Quality Assurance International in 2003 , Whole Foods had already led the way in setting the standards in the organic food retailing industry, particularly with inventory and store environment. Some conventional stores such as Safeway and Kroger began stocking their butcher counters with organic beef and chicken when consumer demand for these and other organic products grew 7 – 9 percent annually. The result was Whole Foods struggled to locate other suppliers to maintain their own inventory of organic meat. Other grocery store chains such as Albertson’s, have adopted a similar interior as Whole Foods, where foods are displayed in pleasant lighting, in a background of natural materials and colors, in attempts to keep those customers who might leave to get a few ite ms at Whole Foods. So while Whole Foods has set the bar in the organic food industry, it’s competitors are demonstratingShow MoreRelatedWhole Foods Market Case Analysis1687 Words   |  7 PagesWhole Foods Market Case Analysis Whole Foods Market has received recognition as recent as January 27th 2011 when CNBC aired Supermarkets Inc: Inside a 500 Billion Money Machine. â€Å"Whole Foods is arguably the most influential, and by some measures, the most successful supermarket chain in the world. The specialty gourmet store has grown into a Fortune-300 company offering specialty foods and locally grown organic produce.1† CNBC goes on to state that even â€Å"Established brands like Safeway, Giant EagleRead MoreWhole Foods Market Case Essay2230 Words   |  9 Pagesï » ¿ Whole Foods Overview Whole Foods Market is a natural and organic grocery store that strives to provide its customers with the highest quality foods and freshest foods available. They want to commit to making shopping at their many stores around the world an enjoyable and interesting experience that will make people want to come back and shop. They are trying to reach out to more customers especially with the way the economy is to be able to build their empire even greater. Whole Foods isRead MoreCase Study : Whole Foods Market1370 Words   |  6 Pages Performance Mangement-4013 Assignment Title: Whole Foods Market Report by: Kiranpal Mann Student #: c0645417 Date: 1st March 2016 Table of contentsRead MoreWhole Food Markets Case Analysis Essay1986 Words   |  8 PagesRunning Head: GROUP CASE ANALYSIS WEEK 6 Group Case Analysis WEEK 6 Whole Foods Markets, Inc. Executive Summary: Existing mission, objectives, and strategies: According to Strategic Management Concepts and Cases, written by F. David, Whole Food Market, Inc.’s current mission statement is as follows, â€Å"to promote the vitality and well-being of all individuals by supplying the highest quality, most wholesome foods available† (DavidRead MoreCase Analysis: John Mackey, Whole Foods Market Essay examples1702 Words   |  7 PagesEric Smith Christine Hill Organizational behavior January 24, 2013 Case Analysis: John Mackey, Whole Foods Market 1. What role, if any, does McGregor’s Theory Y play at Whole Foods? Explain. According to Kreitner and Kinicki (2013) McGregor contrasted two views on human nature by insisting that Theory Y assumes that people are more positive at work, and believed managers could accomplish more by viewing employees as such (p.9). The other outdated theory, is Theory X, which is a moreRead MoreWhole Food Markets Case2003 Words   |  9 PagesCase Analysis – Whole Foods Market Comfy Shoes Don Meador, Mike Britton, Paige Phillips, Andrew Howery I. II. Introduction: By 2006, Whole Foods Market had evolved into the â€Å"world’s largest retail chain of natural and organic foods supermarkets.† Their rapid growth and success is primarily due to being highly selective about what they sell, as well as being dedicated quality standards and core values. Whole Food’s stated mission statement was to â€Å"promote vitality and well-being for allRead MoreCase Analysis On Whole Foods Market1577 Words   |  7 Pages Case Analysis on Whole Foods Market Wanda I. Ramos Trident University BUS 599: Title of Course Professor’s Name July 16, 2015 Abstract Case analysis are detailed descriptions of real management situations. In the case analysis below on Whole Foods Market, the objective was to analyze the organization’s strategy in the market, as well as looking at their mission and values, and how they have applied them and grown. By applying concepts to actual cases, we improve your ability to thinkRead MoreWhole Foods Market Case Analysis1768 Words   |  8 PagesWHOLE FOODS MARKET, 2005: WILL THERE BE ENOUGH ORGANIC FOOD TO SATISFY THE GROWING DEMAND? Introduction Whole Foods Market has developed into the world’s largest retail chain of organic foods supermarkets. Their fast growth success is mainly due to being high selective core values. The company employs more than 32000 workers and also with an average size of store of approximately 3000 square metres. Analysis General environment Economic An affluent Organization for Economic Co-operationRead MoreWhole Foods Market Inc. Case Study Essay1200 Words   |  5 PagesAccording to the Whole Foods Market Inc. case, study shows that Whole Foods Market is an American supermarket chain exclusively featuring foods without artificial preservatives, colors, flavors, sweeteners, and hydrogenated fats. It is the United States first certified organic grocer, which means it ensures, to National Organic Program standards, organic integrity of the heterogeneous products from the time they reach stores until they are placed in a shopping cart. Whole Foods Market Inc. opened itsRead MoreCase Study Whole Foods1155 Words   |  5 PagesCase Study assignment 1. What are the chief elements of the strategy that Whole Foods Market is pursuing? Fresh natural and organic foods and products with no preservatives or artificial ingredients. Promote healthier eating/lifestyle and increasing consumer knowledge/education of food safety, environment and how pesticides affect the land as well as the human body. 2. Is the strategy well matched to recent developments and conditions in the natural and organic foods segment of the food retailing

Neuromarketing A Brave New World of Consumerism Free Essays

string(194) " whether these differ for different groups, should reduce firms’ reliance on the ‘blunt instruments’ of blanket coverage, shock tactics, or sexual imagery’ \(Lee 2007\)\." Introduction t this point in our social history we are experiencing trends in marketing and consumerism that no cultural phenomena in antiquity has prepared us for. Each day between the hours of waking and sleeping we are exposed to 3000 – 5000 marketing messages across every shape and flavor of media mankind has been able to devise In good conscience (Story 2007). Every niche, of every segment, of every market, for every product, has a multitude of competitors vying for space of mind, seeking to differentiate, remind, inform, or persuade themselves into our lives and shopping trellises (Copley 2004). We will write a custom essay sample on Neuromarketing: A Brave New World of Consumerism or any similar topic only for you Order Now This clutter, consternation, and competition has taken the humble consumer transaction to be something more akin to game theory, and contemporary marketing strategy has become a battle of minds and wills (Lee, Frederick, and Chamberlain 2007). Each new generation of consumer finds themselves delivered deeper Into an environment of Increasing media and message saturation. But, with every generational cycle a further sophistication In the adaptive discretionary filtering system is created in order for these individuals to preserve some degree of highly guarded ‘psychic space’, and as such ‘marketing professionals re keenly aware of the obstacles posed by both information-processing limitations and viewer opposition’ (Rumba 2002). ‘The multiplicity of advertising messages to which each consumer is exposed dictates that advertisers place a lofty premium on the much-coveted psychic space of their Intended message recipients. Moreover, marketers Increasingly find themselves trying to reach target audiences who have an arsenal of cognitive, behavioral, and mechanical strategies for ad avoidance at their disposal’ (Speck and Elliott 1997). Further adding to this already encumbered media/ immunization sphere is also the weight and complexity of the postmodern condition in which Goldman (1992) speaks of ‘relentless scrambling of signified and signifier, mixing and matching meanings’ and Brown (1995) goes on to highlight ‘practices such as fragmentation, De-deliberation, hypnotherapy, chronology, pastiche, pluralism and anta-functionalism’. This escalating complexity of exchange devised for increasingly more sophisticated and media salt-Ð’Â »,’ consumers attempts to side-step any ‘predictability of antiquated advertising conventions that could no longer pass through the filters of seasoned postmodern nonusers’ (Goldman and Passion 1994). What remains is the perfect storm of social complexity, ever-changing message filtering, and big-business ‘sign wars’ which has left some marketers believing that turning to the dark arts Is the only way to get ahead in marketing communications, with notably one energy drink brand literally and comically commissioning a Haitian priestess to channel a foul-mouthed voodoo deem-god to help design their advertising campaign (Panamas 2010). Enter stage left – marketing’s. Thin such a relatively young field of inquiry the precise definition of marketing’s s still finding its footing with conflicting definitions still being proposed and utilized by divergent agents within the realm (Fisher 2010). Perpetuating this conflict is the notion that academia and industry share limited cohesion in exploring this field, that private enterprises do not tend to publish findings or share proprietary information, and that more has been published about marketing’s across the popular media, relative to the traditional tome of recognized peer-reviewed publications (Fisher 2010). In spite of this, Lee (2007) proposes that ‘marketing’s as a field of study an simply be defined as the application of neuroscience methods to analyses and understand human behavior in relation to markets and marketing exchanges’ and Fisher (2010) notes that marketing’s ‘can be tentatively defined as marketing designed on the basis of neuroscience research’. These proposed definitions avoid the subjective bias embraced by some proponents and detractors and are a suitable explanation of the topic for the purposes of this discussion. As brain sciences increasingly inform our daily lives, social practices, and intellectual discourses, ornamenting has become one of a collection of developing fields to gain the ‘neuron’ prefix along with neuroscience, neurasthenics, neuropathology, and neurotically – these fields now collectively earning the moniker ‘neuromuscular’, ‘and the brain-based explanations arising from it are progressively influencing public notions of personal identity, responsibility, and causation’ (Fisher 2010). Why Marketing’s? He most acute advantage thought to stem from the utilization of neuroscience in examining an individual’s response to market based inquiries is its unfiltered objectivity and unbiased honesty. Typically the self-assessment measures commonly used in marketing research rely totally on the ability and willingness of the respondent to accurately report their attitudes and/or prior behaviors’ (Petty and Caption 1983). However, it is believed that the brain approximately expends only 2 percent of its energy on conscious activity with the remaining majority devoted to unconscious thought and processes, thus, neurotransmitters believe, traditional market research methods ? like consumer surveys and focus groups ? are inherently inaccurate because the participants can never articulate the unconscious impressions that whet their appetites for certain products’ (Singer 2010). In addition to this intrinsic inability for an individual to access all relevant perceptual data, this error factor cumulatively adds to any conscious or even unrecognized desire the respondent may have to please or deceive the information gathering unit, even further exaggerating the potential for inaccurate measurements. In contrast, physiological responses can be collected when respondents are actively partaking in research activities and are difficult for subjects to control, although not difficult to affect (Petty and Caption 1983). In many ways marketing’s is the lie detector of the marketing industry, but the potential application is much greater than simply extracting truthful responses, it may prove instrumental in uncovering the processes and transparent way than marketers have previously had access to. The benefits of marketing’s are obvious when framed in the above context. This field creates the possibility for marketers to understand consumers to an extent that a myriad of techniques over many decades of investigation have only ever been able to scratch at the door of. Felt (2007) believes that, assuming the science can be translated into meaningful technology the power and the precision of the retrieved data as a management tool could prove sublime, it would finally enable marketers to reach out and pinprick consumers without using broad strokes’. â€Å"In fact, exploring exactly what elements of an advertisement are critical to awareness, attitudes and evaluations of products, and whether these differ for different groups, should reduce firms’ reliance on the ‘blunt instruments’ of blanket coverage, shock tactics, or sexual imagery’ (Lee 2007). You read "Neuromarketing: A Brave New World of Consumerism" in category "Papers" The Marketing’s Mix he research generated by any given marketing’s firm is of course a product article and as such marketing mix considerations are a requirement of presenting to the market, however, the more significant discussion is the current and conceivable application of this technology to play a major role in guiding and optimizing each of the up’s of the marketing mix for utilities. Them Noble, Managing Director of ‘Neurotics’ a major player in the burgeoning marketing’s industry, has stated that ‘all the biggest brands are using it†¦ But most of them are keeping it to themselves†¦ Even so, marketing’s has become a key part of today’s marketing ix’ (Fagan 2011). The technology is believed to be equally applicable to each of the seven aspects of the mix provided a suitable interpretation model is utilized to rationalist the raw data. The up’s the literature most commonly discourses are reviewe d below. Product Typically product designers refer to consciously generated studies of consumer preferences to inform the process, in such inquiries subjects are likely to be influenced by ‘normative expectations and social influences’ (Figurate 2007). For example, survey research typically reports that women find wrestler-turned-action ere ‘The Rock unattractive ‘but their brain activity says otherwise: areas associated with attractiveness light up when women watch him on screen’ (Singer, 2004). Bruit (2004) mentions that some tests conducted for Demolisher’s showed that certain products can activate the self-reward centre of the brain which is the same region that natural stimulants such as sex, chocolate, and cocaine trigger, this action is aroused by the release of the molecule dopamine and releases endogenous opiates – substances linked to lust and pleasure’. Whilst this trigger is not a guarantee of arches, all other things being equal – designs that create pleasure are far more likely to be purchased than those that do not (Figurate 2007). Price Lee (2007) states that ‘pricing seems to lend itself almost perfectly to normalizing research’ and believes that age old questions like why â€Å"prices such as ‘$4. 99’ are perceived as significantly cheaper than those such as ‘$5. 00† could be answered by simultaneously exploring the temporal and spatial nature of brain activity. Through utilizing this technology marketers can not only underpin optimal pricing strategies but also understand how and why pricing perceptions are formed. Place customers to seeing, hearing, feeling, touching, tasting, and smelling stimuli, stores may be able to customize environments to enhance the consumer experience, or weight the chances of a sale. ‘For example, if normalizing data suggest a positive response to the touching of Jewelry, the consumer may experience a personalized discount prominently displayed in their sightline in order to provide encouragement for purchase’ (Wilson 2008). Promotion Measurement of advertising messages and their success in provoking emotional responses can be gauged, and assumptions can be made about the subject’s unconscious thought patterns depending on which areas of the brain ‘light’ up (Figurate 2007). The reaction an agency wishes to evoke with a given advertisement e. G. Excitement, passion, hostility, humor, attention, etc. ; can be transposed to the brain map where these concepts are processed. If that brain area is unaffected after exposure to the advertising stimulus, it is obvious that the advertisement has failed this crucial test’ (Figurate 2007) Schafer (2005) also states that ‘neural scanning might be able to predict the strength of advertising recall for specific advertisements’. The History he earliest reported use of the term marketing’s first appeared in a press release in July 2002 by Atlanta based advertising agency ‘Birthrights’ announcing the creation of a new business division which utilized functional magnetic resonance imaging (fem.) for purposes of marketing research (Wilson 2008; Fisher 2010). However, the Economist (Inside the Mind of the Consumer 2004) duly notes that Harvard Professor-Emeritus Gerald Coalman filed a patent for ‘normalizing as a marketing tool’ in the late sass’s approximately four years prior to Brightness’s suspicious press release. In spite of this, some observers consider this technology to be part of a continuum that has been ongoing for much longer. â€Å"Marketing’s is simply the latest incarnation, says Joseph Throw, a professor of communication at the Ennobler School for Communication at the University of Pennsylvania. There has always been a holy grail in advertising to try to reach people in a hypodermic way,’ he says† (Singer 2010). Educated observers also make note that Journalist and social critic Vance Packard (1957) wrote ‘The Hidden Persuaders’ more than 50 years ago which is still considered to be a seminal work, which outlines how advertisers play(deed) on people’s unc onscious desires in an attempt to influence them. Run for our Lives? Neatly probing consumers for answers to every fear, desire, motivation, and preference in underpants color has begun to beg the question in some quarters, should we love this or fear it? It appears from the outset that this technology has been spawning controversy; however, some of this contention seems not to be entirely new in nature but the amplification and reinvigoration of well disputed ground, freshly driven by this new and acute mechanism. The contention largely remains in determining whether using such technology to understand the desires of consumers will be useful for serving them, or used for manipulating them, in short, is actions of a great many organizations and individuals, the main objective of marketing is to help match products with people (Rarely 2010; Kettle, Keller, and Burton 2009). ‘Marketing serves the dual goals of guiding the design and presentation of products such that they are more compatible with consumer preferences and facilitating the choice process for the consumer’ (Rarely 2010). Marketing as ethical or unethical in practice is a purely a determination to be made on a case by case basis, not generalized in overarching sweeps. Rallies (1999) surmises that the organizational factors contributing to principled business undertakings or in fact impeding a unified ethical framework are moral reasoning, organizational ethical climate, level of economic development, and cultural dimensions, Murphy (2005) suggests on an individualistic level that indicative qualities can be determined from virtue and character ethics utilizing measurements of the five core virtues of – integrity, fairness, trust, respect and empathy. In comprehension, understanding the afore is to recognize that marketing’s (like most industries,) exists within a context of moral heterogeneity and the concerns that exist toward the frayed edge of the ethical fabric, underpin a movement of anxiety toward the potentiality of neuron-techniques to probe the subconscious mind, and the conceivability of these vehicles to unduly influence consumers, turning them into shopping robots without their knowledge and consent’ (Singer 2010). Singer (2010) states that â€Å"marketing’s is setting off alarm bells among some consumer advocates, who call it ‘brainwashing ? an amalgam of branding and brainwashing†. ‘Our contention is that neuroscience findings and methods hold the potential for marketing practices that threaten consumers’ abilities to follow preferences and dictates according to free will’ (Greene 2003). The controversy and paranoia surrounding a field that is yet to be evidenced or indicted of unethical practice is so potent that Senior and Senior (2008) have felt compelled to draft ‘A Manifesto for Marketing’s Science’ to guide the ethical functioning of practitioners, quell some f the fears of alarmists, and address potential dilemmas arising on this new frontier. The Advertising Research Foundation has also seen fit to undertake a collaborative study with the major operators in the marketing’s industry to establish and implement the ‘Northeastwards Initiatives’ agenda and determine ethical working canons for the field (ARP Announces Groundbreaking Northeastwards Study 2010). In addition to this above, the exploratory academic discipline of neurotics has continued to grow in unison with the developments in neuroscience research and neuromuscular, informing it all the while. Irrespective of the development in ethical governance, detractors warn that we do not have a current legal and social structure equipped to address technologies that are intentionally designed for subconscious persuasion. Singer (2010) states that ‘if the advertising is now purposely designed to bypass those rational defenses, then the traditional legal defenses protecting advertising speech in the marketplace have to be questioned’. We are also warned that many legally and morally ambiguous issues will arise with the increase in marketing’s usage such as Who ultimately owns brain scans, whether scans can e sold to other persons or institutions, and what happens to extraneous information, such as health problems, revealed by the scans’ (Wilson 2008). The array positron emission tomography (PET), magnetoencephalography (MEG), functional magnetic resonance imaging (fem.), electroencephalography (EGG) galvanic skin response (USSR), eye tracking technology, electrocardiography, and electromyography (Figurate 2007; Lee 2007). It is noted that any corporeal measurements gained through the use of these instruments are strictly limited by the skill the interpreter has in correlating bio-readings to mental/emotional states, and therefore into actionable ATA. There has been some research to show that imagery favored in traditional research preference tests are often not the ones that stimulate the emotional centers of the brain (Uncommon 2007), according to People (quoted in Harris 2006) however, emotion is one of the major keys to all marketing and by monitoring brain activity we can get very good indication of when an emotional connection has been made. Unfortunately, these results can only reveal activation correlated with particular imagery but cannot predict outcomes with certainty, and it does in fact highlight the actuality that there is ‘no direct link between arousal and behavior; no measure of purchase intent’ (Figurate 2007). According to James (2004) the only time a human being cannot help acting on arousal is as a toddler’. Some critics throughout the literature have argued for the existence of a ‘buy button’ in the brain, the above suggests that there could be no overriding of an individual’s cognitive control and ‘current evidence suggests that the cognitive processes associated with purchase decisions are multi factorial and cannot be reduced to a single area of activation’ (Rarely 2010). In the face of decries and skeptics Joey and Kilts Remain, Brightness’s CEO and founder claim that rather than forecasting the shopping behavior of individuals, marketing’s will help develop an understanding of how people develop preferences. Our goal is to change company, not consumer, behavior,† says Remain. He adds that this philosophy could improve advertising ethics. â€Å"What if you could, for example, show a company that their moral and ethical behavior has a bigger influence on consumer preference than the color of their packaging or current tag line? â €Å"‘ (Singer 2010). New Scientist magazine conducted a est. of marketing’s to choose the ‘most attention getting cover for its 5th August 2010 issue. Nineteen readers of the magazine were shown three alternative covers during EGG tests from which one was ultimately selected. The ultimate result of this experiment and the ensuing cover choice, was a 12% increase in sales year-on-year and the second highest selling issue of the year which the deputy editor Graham Layton claimed was â€Å"unheard of in August† (Tartan 2010). Outside of this, virtually no other results have been published either confirming or condemning the predictive ability of marketing’s in the marketplace. However, the one strong virtuous indicator that does exist, is the very fact that a multitude of global companies such as Google, CBS, Frito-Lay, Demolisher’s, Brown-Foreman, General Motors, American Express, Campbell Soup, MAT, Disney Media, Heresy’s, Millimeters, Colgate- Palmolive, NBC, ESP., and Turner Broadcasting are utilizing this technology as a regular component of their own brand research efforts (ARP Announces Groundbreaking Northeastwards Study 2010; Rarely 2010; Figurate 2007; Bruit 2004). E detractors of marketing’s see a dyspepsia future ahead, they envisage a world here we all become little more than purchase-making drones, slaves to big business recklessly pushing away at ‘buy buttons’ in our brains to move their wares and their stock prices. Valid concerns have been raised from some quarters citing the potential for the increase of ‘marketing-related diseases’ such as obesity, heart disease, and similarly related health issues (Fisher 2010). What we understand from the above however, is that marketing’s cannot now or any currently conceivable point in the future, have any ability to override an individual’s cognitive control. Marketing’s may help to design a more attractive car but will never have the ability to make a man sell his children to purchase it. Even with the limitations of the technology, neurotransmitters and researchers alike are currently exploring the ethical parameters of the field in order to create a unified framework for operation and quell concerns that vocal outliers currently raise. The primary purpose of this technology, as is the purpose of all marketing research, is to better understand the needs and wants of consumers, the biggest problem with traditional research is the intimidation by a participant’s own cognitive bias, or as advertising legend David Googol once said: â€Å"The trouble with market research is that people don’t think how they feel, they don’t say what they think and they don’t do what they say’ (quoted in Scar 2011). How to cite Neuromarketing: A Brave New World of Consumerism, Papers

Essay on Correlation Between Quantitative And Quantitative Research Essay Example For Students

Essay on Correlation Between Quantitative And Quantitative Research Essay When it comes to research, there are two approaches that are effective in gathering reliable information, which is qualitative and quantitative research. It is important to be able to distinguish between the two, as they are very different and can often become confused as the other. Quantitative research is a type of research that uses numbers and measures gathered from a large sample population (Berg Lune, 2012, p.3). In order to receive data, it uses paper surveys, online questionnaires, online polls, and telephone interviews as these methods can produce numerical results (Berg Lune, 2012, p. 3). On the other hand, qualitative research focuses more on the meanings of the data, by looking deeper into the underlying issues. To do this, the researcher needs to receive results beyond statistical numbers which is why qualitative research uses observations, participation, and in-depth interviews to gather it’s data (Berg Lune, 2012, p.3). Since qualitative research methods are more in-depth, the results take longer to produce whereas quantitative research can collect their results much quicker. A simple way to understand the difference is to think of quantitative as quantity and qualitative as quality. Quantitative focuses on a bigger population and numerical results (quantity), whereas qualitative focuses on detailed results among a smaller population (quality). Unfortunately, many people believe qualitative research is not as scientific as quantitative because of its use of words instead of numbers (Berg Lune, 2012, p.4). In order to fully understand the process of qualitative research, it is vital to recognize the design, it’s methods for collecting data, ethnography, types of qualitative research (action research) and the . .multiple cases in order to better understand a certain theory in a larger context (Berg Lune, 2012, p. 336). This type of case study is considered to be the most interesting compared to the first two because it is more robust (Berg Lune, 2012, p. 336). Overall, there are many aspects of qualitative research that differ from quantitative research. Understanding qualitative research can be somewhat overwhelming for someone who is only knowledgeable in quantitative, because of how much more detail and time that is invested into a qualitative research study. It is important to understand that the two are both valuable, and they are simply different approaches to explore different types of research. When learning about qualitative research, understanding how it is designed and the important types of studies and methods used within the research is vital to recognize.

The disease of masturbation Essay Example For Students

The disease of masturbation Essay The Disease of Masturbation: Values and the concept of Disease by EngelhardtEnglhardt’s article The Disease Of Masturbation is an example of the ways in which values impact society’s definition of disease. I agree that it is possible that science is being, or has been, limited by the values within society. For science to conclude that masturbation causes such aliments as blindness and epilepsy it appears evident that science is being misguided by values of the time. I believe that science also realizes that values play a part in research conducted, otherwise there would be no need for blind and double blind studies. Blind studies are used to help eliminate bias brought on by the experimenter or the test subject. We will write a custom essay on The disease of masturbation specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now In the eighteenth and nineteenth century masturbation was thought to produce the signs and symptoms of a dangerous disease: â€Å"Disease is neither an objective entity nor a concept of a single definition, there is not, nor need be, one concept of disease (UWO, p.241).† The problem with Englehardt’s article is our health system is that of the biomedical model. The biomedical model does not recognize masturbation as a disease. It states that â€Å"disease is a biological deviation from the norm that can be explained scientifically† (Charland). Masturbation has not been proven to fit into either category. Masturbation may have been a deviation from the norm at one point in time, but I do not believe that it can be explained scientifically. Englehardt’s article says that masturbation was the cause of such illnesses as blindness and vertigo. But how were these conclusions drawn? Were these conclusions scientific in nature or gathered according to the views an d values of the times? Masturbation was turned into a disease, not with just somatic, but psychological dimensions.Tissot states that masturbating is even more debilitating than sex because of a loss of seminal fluid (1oz equals 40oz of blood). When seminal loss takes place in a position other than the recumbent position the effects are multiplied. Tissot successfully establishes that masturbation is associated with physical and mental maladies. Englehardt should stipulate how Tissot reaches this conclusion. There are also disagreements as to whether frequent sex is any different than masturbation. It is argued that the difference between masturbation and sex is the expenditure of nerve force that is compensated by the magnetism of the partner. Masturbation is worse because it is unnatural and therefore less satisfying. I think masturbation is natural, and has very likely been around as long as sex maybe longer. At first masturbating was thought to cause dyspepsia, constriction of the urethra, epilepsy, blindness, vertigo, loss of hearing, headaches, impantency, and loss of memory. As well as, irregular action of the heart, general loss of health and strength, rickets, leucorrhea in women, chronic catarrhal conjunctivis, nymphomania (more common in blondes and brunettes), and changes in external genitalia. Enlargement of superficial veins of hands and feet, moist clammy hands, stooped shoulders, pale sallow face with dark circles around eyes, draggy gait and acne, insanity, progressive loss of vigour, and causes heredity of insanity are also included on the list of health problems caused by masturbation. How a causal relationship was found between these illnesses and masturbation is unclear in Englehardt’s paper. Englehardt suggests that masturbation should be considered a syndrome rather than a disease, because syndromes have the running together of signs and symptoms into a recognizable pattern. Since masturbation is associated with disease it should also be associated with deaths (which have happened). Since people have also died from having sex, should sex be banned because of these dangers? Between the sexually transmitted diseases and the rare cases of people having heart attacks while having sex the possibility of death through sex is probably greater than it is from masturbation. .u578be65ceaa0994a35b5ef992287d416 , .u578be65ceaa0994a35b5ef992287d416 .postImageUrl , .u578be65ceaa0994a35b5ef992287d416 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u578be65ceaa0994a35b5ef992287d416 , .u578be65ceaa0994a35b5ef992287d416:hover , .u578be65ceaa0994a35b5ef992287d416:visited , .u578be65ceaa0994a35b5ef992287d416:active { border:0!important; } .u578be65ceaa0994a35b5ef992287d416 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u578be65ceaa0994a35b5ef992287d416 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u578be65ceaa0994a35b5ef992287d416:active , .u578be65ceaa0994a35b5ef992287d416:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u578be65ceaa0994a35b5ef992287d416 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u578be65ceaa0994a35b5ef992287d416 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u578be65ceaa0994a35b5ef992287d416 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u578be65ceaa0994a35b5ef992287d416 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u578be65ceaa0994a35b5ef992287d416:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u578be65ceaa0994a35b5ef992287d416 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u578be65ceaa0994a35b5ef992287d416 .u578be65ceaa0994a35b5ef992287d416-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u578be65ceaa0994a35b5ef992287d416:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: French and Indian War EssayThere was a struggle to develop a workable nosology it was placed under various categories and numerous nomenclatures called onanism and, onanysmus. Initally masturbation was under the heading of male disease of generative organs, then it had many other headings until 1906 when it changed to genito-urinary system diseases. The name changes probably indicate hesitation on the part of recorders as to nature of disease, recorders who were drawn in by the obviously psychological parts of the phenomenon to classify it as a functional disturbance. Through an examination of the parallels between what is good for one’s soul and what is good for on e’s health, one would expect to find that disease correlates with immoral sexual behaviour. Also, people’s inclinations to translate a moral issue into medical terms and relieve them. Jonathon Hutchinson described the etiological mechanism of the habit in question as one that may be injurious to the nerve-tone and likely originates and sustains illness which without it might have been avoided or cured. Effects were magnified during youth when such â€Å"shocks† threaten normal development. Freud wrote that sexual exhaustion could provoke neurasthenia. If sexual exhaustion fails to be achieved by it self it has an effect in the disposition of the nervous system, causing physical illness and depressive effects to be overworked and can no longer be tolerated without leading to neurasthenia in males it is acquired at puberty. Other models were based mainly on the signs and symptoms and the effects of the guilt associated with the act of masturbation. It was guilt, n ot excitation, that led to masturbation. Often religion and mental conditions caused men to become alarmed with the activity. ‘Masturbation is not a sin but a vice (UWO, p.243).† It’s bad signs and symptoms became viewed as the result of guilt and anxiety felt because of particular cultural norms. There is nothing particularly wrong with masturbation. Masturbation is inevitable under restraints of life and while avoiding any attitude of indifference. I agree that the signs and symptoms connected with masturbation must have in fact come from the guilt and anxiety brought on by the act since masturbation was thought of as a heinous thing to do. Different restraining devices were made: infibulation, circumcision, acid burns, clitoridictomy, vasectomy, castration, use of electrodes, and acupuncture. Some more tolerant approaches include hard work and simple diet changes, suggestion of the use of frequenting prostitutes. Imagine if our society thought that frequenting prostitutes was a cure for what ails you. HIV and AIDS would be even more prevalent. Active tonics such as cold baths at bedtime were suggested, and ‘Brownian’ proposed use of opium, and morphine sulphate. Englehardt’s use of masturbation is an example of the role of evolution in explanation. Englehardt uses many examples of how the values of society have influenced our picture of disease in many time periods. The Disease of Masturbation shows how much the many emotions and values of the time add stress and eventually bring on the symptoms that people reported to be associated with masturbation. Masturbation is the best possible example of the role of society’s values on health and disease. It, however, is not a realistic example because masturbation does not fit into the biomedical model’s definition of a disease. I do not feel that masturbation has been scientifically proven to cause all of the ailments listed in Englehardt’s article. Masturbation may have been a deviation from the norm but does this create the need to label it a disease?

Measures of an Economys Income

Measures of an Economy's Income Today, most economists, as well as people who write or speak about the economy, use Gross Domestic Product as the standard measure of the size of an economy. This was not always the case, however, and there are reasons why economists might specifically want to look at some variations on GDP. Five common variations are explained here: Gross National Product (GNP): Rather than counting all income earned within a countrys borders regardless of who produces it, as with GDP, gross national product counts all income earned by the permanent residents of a country. If all of the residents of a country worked within that country and no foreigners worked in the country, GNP and GDP would be the same. As workers start crossing country borders, on the other hand, GNP and GDP become noticeably different, but still very similar, measures of income. Net National Product (NNP): Technically speaking, the net national product is equal to gross national product minus depreciation. Depreciation is simply the loss in value of capital and assets due to use, so its helpful to think of NNP as the part of GNP that went to make new stuff as opposed to making stuff to replace items that were getting worn out. (Note that you could technically define a net version of any of the measures listed here by subtracting out depreciation.) National Income (NI): National income is equal to the net national product after indirect business taxes (sales taxes, excise taxes, etc.) are subtracted out and business subsidies are added in. In this way, national income represents the payments to owners of the factors of production. This includes the owners of labor (i.e. workers), as well as owners of capital, such as land, buildings, and money, who lend out this capital in return for interest payments. Personal Income (PI): Personal income represents income received specifically by individuals and by companies that are not classified as corporations. Therefore, personal income subtracts out items such as retained earnings of corporations and corporate income taxes. On the other hand, personal income includes transfer payments from the government such as welfare and Social Security. Disposable Personal Income: Disposable personal income is equal to personal income minus government obligations. These government obligations include not only taxes but also fines and other related payments. In general, all of these quantities tend to move roughly in tandem, so they all tend to give roughly the same picture of an economy. In order to avoid confusion, economists usually use the gross domestic product only to describe the size of an economy.

A League of Their Own

The film begins with the commencement of the second world war and female baseball players are drafted into the All American Girls Baseball League, in the attempt to save the sport. With the induction of this league, the girls obtained the chance to show how women deserve an equal chance in sports, an opportunity to show their hard work and perseverance, and free themselves from the clutches of lower class life through success in the sport. The value of family was portrayed throughout the film and became a top priority for some of the players. In achieving a spot on a team the girls also had to conform to the rules and requirements that the owners of the league were demanding. To give this league the popularity it needed, the girls needed to work hard to be the leagues top players in every team. They all acquired the chance to go to training camps and try out for teams that would be placed into the league. The amount of work they displayed to get placed on the team showed that they wanted to earn the respect of the country and show that women could do more than just care for kids or be in charge of the kitchen. They worked extremely hard to show that women could play the sport as easily as men could. For example, this hardworking value was best portrayed by Kit, one of the individuals who played for the league. She got her sister to play because that was the only way they would take her and she did not want to stay on a farm for the rest of her life. Her persistent attitude helped her reach her goal and she became one of the top players of her time just like her sister. The family values are expressed greatly throughout the film by all the characters, but particularly by Dotti. Many of the women on the team had spouses in the army or back home. Dotti was the protagonist who was a girl with beauty and love of the sport like no other girl. What was different about her, besides being extremely skillful in the sport and never having a bad game, was that in her mind she was only playing while her husband was in the war. She loved the game, but her husband and family were always more important for her. The conflict between winning and her sister’s loyalty ended with her realizing that being friends with her sister was far more important than winning or playing in a baseball league. The women dealt with external conformity within the league because of the rules and regulations that the owners had placed on apparel and style of play. The women were required to wear a skirt outfit and makeup while they were playing. They were all forced to take etiquette classes and learn how to act like â€Å"ladies†. The women were upset with this because they had joined the league to play the sport they loved not to go out on the field and model for the fans. This movie was used to display that women were not inferior to men and to show how the game of baseball was used as more than publicity. The hard work and perseverance gave women in the united states a sense of hope and desire to succeed in a male dominated world.

The analysis of thymine and its derivatives by electron-ionisation and Essay

The analysis of thymine and its derivatives by electron-ionisation and chemical-ionisation mass spectrometry - Essay Example Aromaticity of Thymine is due to the alignment of conjugated double bond and empty orbital of Nitrogens in the ring. Resonance also plays part in stabilizing the molecule. Thymine exists in different tautomeric form but the lactam form is the most stable and the form present in DNA structure. Thymine has the structure of an aromatic heterocyclic ring with two carbonyl attached to 2nd and 4th Carbon. A methyl group is attached to 5th Carbon. The first and third position of the ring is a Nitrogen atom. Both Nitrogen has unoccupied orbital that participates in stabilizing aromatic property of the molecule. Coupling of Thymine and 2-Deoxyribose creates the nucleoside Deoxythymidine which is commonly called Thymidine. One common mutations found in DNA are two adjacent pyrimidine bases commonly Thymidine that upon irradiation with UV-light will cause mutagenesis and therefore inhibits the process of translation. Thymine Thymidine Mass Spectrometry A mass spectrometer produces a spectrum of masses based on the structure of a molecule. The mass spectrum is not a spectrum with respect to electromagnetic radiation, as in the case or IR and NMR. Instead, it is a spectrum of plot of distribution of ion masses corresponding to the formula weight of the molecule, fragments derive from the molecule, or both. For the past years, advances in technology leads to well developed and precise mass spectrometric technique primarily used for structure determination and quantitative work. Mass spectrometers for structure elucidation can be classified according to the method of separating the charged particles. Most common methods are Magnetic Field Deflection, Quadrupole mass Spectrometry, Time of Flight, Ion-Cyclotron resonance and MS/MS (Tandem Mass spectrometry). The general procedure for a mass spectral analysis comes in subsequent steps. Feedingof sample in the Mass Spectrometer and undergoes vaporization. Vaporization is required if the starting substance is in liquid form. In mo st cases, this comes from an HPLC unit. GC-MS has been widely renowned for its convenience and accuracy. Components are then ionized using variety of techniques. This step is the determining factor for which kind of substance the mass spectrometer can effectively analyze. Biological sample are often ionized using Electron impact, Chemical ionization and the most recent Electron Spray Ionization. Contact with ions creates charge to various species of the sample. They are then separated according to their mass to charge ratio in a mass analyzer. The ions are detected by a transducer and then reported as spectral lines in mass spectra. Mass Spectral Analysis of Thymine Mass Spectra using Electron Ionization technique for Thymine has Molecular Ion peak at 126 m/z at almost 100% abundance. The intensity of the molecular ion peak depends on the stability of the molecular ion. Thymine is an Aromatic molecule so has the greatest stability of the molecular ion. M+1 ion is also evident as con sequence of using Electron Ionization technique in ionization step. Lower m/z lines were due to fragments of Thymine. Mass Spectroscopic Analysis of Thymidine Derivatives Oxidation of Thymine in DNA Changes in DNA structure such as oxidations in DNA bases pose a major role in mutagenic initiation and degenerative diseases. Peroxyl radicals (ROO) has been found to cause must of the oxidations in the body. The